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Danger and Risk

Modern societies are differentiated from the pre industrial ones in function of the distribution of its risks. Basically, its difference is about the distinction between “society of risk” and “society of danger”.

In such a way, pre-industrial societies identify themselves clearly by their predomination inside them of danger situations, instead of risk ones.

However, current occidental societies (postindustrial) had been determining themselves about the global reach of its risks.

But, which is the difference between one and another concept?

In both cases there is a concrete future possibility to receive damage or damage someone in a concrete situation. Danger normally appears from a natural and objective form without human being intervention, and besides, generally is susceptible to be observed directly, without any mediation.

Risk, in contrast, is connected to a human performance. That is the difference, basically, in a “question of attribution or imputability” (López Cerejeira and Luján; 2000: p.23). Risk is the social perception of danger; it is treated, therefore, as a subjective question (while to some people a risk is serious and cannot be tolerated, to others it is perfectly common) and it needs a specialized intermediary to become recognizeable.

So, practically all decisions of the individuals derive in risks due to characteristics of the modern society, in which the pretensions of rational domain of its acts are not fulfilled, by the contrary, the consequences all escape from such instrumental control.

We may arguesthat, in contrast to the uncontrollable dangers, fruits of realities disconnected to human actions, and characteristic of the pre-modern societies; in the present time a new character exists that consolidates in its simultaneous scientific and social construction.

So, we may say that science converts itself, when arms itself to the human service, in cause, instrument of definition and source of solution of risks.

Contributed by ludwig on March 14, 2008, at 4:02 PM UTC.

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